Standards & References
This section provides comprehensive references to the healthcare standards, implementation guides, and specifications that underpin the FHIR implementation patterns.
Recommended reading
Core background
- FHIR in 5 Minutes - Quick orientation to FHIR concepts and exchange model
- FHIR Best Practices - Practical guidance for implementing interoperable FHIR systems
Security and trust
- SMART App Launch - SMART on FHIR authorization and launch profiles
- SMART Backend Services - System-to-system authentication using JWT client assertions
Scaling and bulk
- Bulk Data Access IG - Population-level export patterns and API specification
- FHIR Subscriptions - Event notifications used for reactive integrations
Core FHIR Standards
HL7 FHIR
- FHIR R4 Specification - Base FHIR standard
- FHIR Documentation - Implementation guidance
- CapabilityStatement - Server capability declaration
FHIR Implementation Guides
- US Core IG - US realm FHIR profiles
- International Patient Summary - Global patient summary standard
- Bulk Data Access IG - Population-level data export
Authentication & Authorization
SMART on FHIR
- SMART App Launch - EHR integration and standalone app launch
- SMART Backend Services - System-to-system authentication
- SMART on FHIR Scopes - Authorization scope definitions
Security Standards
- OAuth 2.0 - Authorization framework
- OpenID Connect - Authentication layer
- JWT (JSON Web Tokens) - Token format standard
Privacy & Consent
FHIR Privacy Resources
- FHIR Consent - Patient consent representation
- Security Labels - Data classification and handling instructions
- Data Access Policies IG - Privacy policy implementation
Privacy Regulations
- HIPAA Privacy Rule - US healthcare privacy requirements
- HIPAA Safe Harbor - De-identification guidelines
Audit & Provenance
FHIR Audit Standards
- AuditEvent - FHIR audit event resource
- Provenance - FHIR provenance resource
- US Core Provenance - US Core provenance profile
IHE Audit Profiles
- IHE ATNA - Audit Trail and Node Authentication
- IHE BALP - Basic Audit Log Patterns
- DICOM Audit - DICOM audit trail standard
Medical Imaging Integration
FHIR Imaging Resources
- ImagingStudy - FHIR imaging study resource
- Media - FHIR media resource for images
- DiagnosticReport - Imaging study reports
DICOMweb Standards
- DICOMweb Overview - DICOM web services overview
- WADO-RS - Web Access to DICOM Objects
- QIDO-RS - Query based on ID for DICOM Objects
- STOW-RS - Store Over the Web
IHE Imaging Profiles
- IHE IID - Invoke Image Display profile
- IHE RAD Technical Framework - Radiology Technical Framework
Real-time Communication
FHIR Subscriptions
- FHIR R5 Subscriptions - Real-time event notifications
- FHIR R4 Subscriptions - Subscription resource (R4)
- Subscriptions R5 Backport IG - R5 subscriptions in R4
FHIRcast
- FHIRcast Specification - Synchronize healthcare applications in real time
- FHIRcast Implementation Guide - FHIRcast specification details
Data Transformation
FHIR Mapping Standards
- FHIR Mapping Language - Declarative transformation language
- StructureMap - FHIR transformation resource
- FHIRPath - Path-based navigation and extraction language
Legacy Integration
- HL7 v2 - Legacy messaging standard
- CDA - Clinical Document Architecture
- v2-to-FHIR Mapping - v2 transformation guidance
De-identification Standards
FHIR De-identification
- Azure FHIR De-identification - Cloud de-identification service
- FHIR Tools for Anonymization - Open source de-identification tools
DICOM De-identification
- DICOM PS3.15 Security - DICOM security and de-identification
- DICOM De-identification Profile - Standard de-identification attributes
Terminology Services
FHIR Terminology
- Terminology Services - FHIR terminology operations
- ValueSet - Value set resource
- CodeSystem - Code system resource
Standard Terminologies
- SNOMED CT - Systematic medical terminology
- LOINC - Laboratory and clinical observations
- RxNorm - Clinical drug terminology
Implementation Tools
Reference Implementations
- HAPI FHIR - Java FHIR library and server
- FHIR .NET SDK - .NET FHIR implementation
- FHIR Works on AWS - Cloud-native FHIR server
Developer Tools
- FHIR Shorthand (FSH) - Domain-specific language for FHIR
- SUSHI - FSH compiler
- FHIR Validator - Resource validation tool
Testing Tools
- Touchstone - FHIR testing platform
- Inferno - SMART and USCDI testing
Additional Resources
For more information about FHIR implementation patterns, consult: